GIT CHEAT SHEET (Basic commands)
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- git init: Initializes a new Git repository
- git clone [repository]: Creates a copy of a remote repository on your local machine
- git add [file]: Adds a file to the staging area
- git commit -m “[message]”: Creates a new commit with the changes in the staging area, and adds a commit message
- git status: Shows the status of the files in the working directory, including modifications and untracked files
- git log: Shows a log of all commits in the repository
- git diff: Shows the differences between the working directory and the last commit
- git branch [branch-name]: Creates a new branch
- git checkout [branch-name]: Switches to an existing branch
- git merge [branch-name]: Merges the changes from a specified branch into the current branch
- git pull: Fetches and merges changes from a remote repository
- git push: Pushes committed changes to a remote repository.
SETUP
Configuring user information used across all local repositories
- git config — global user.name “[firstname lastname]”
set a name that is identifiable for credit when review version history
2. git config — global user.email “[valid-email]”
set an email address that will be associated with each history marker
3. git config — global color.ui auto
set automatic command line coloring for Git for easy reviewing
SETUP & INIT
Configuring user information, initializing and cloning repositories
- git init
initialize an existing directory as a Git repository
2. git clone [url]
retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL
STAGE & SNAPSHOT
Working with snapshots and the Git staging area
- git status
show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit
2. git add [file]
add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)
3. git reset [file]
unstage a file while retaining the changes in working directory
4. git diff
diff of what is changed but not staged
5. git diff — staged
diff of what is staged but not yet commited
6. git commit -m “[descriptive message]”
commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot
BRANCH & MERGE
Isolating work in branches, changing context, and integrating changes
- git branch
list your branches. a * will appear next to the currently active branch
2. git branch [branch-name]
create a new branch at the current commit
3. git checkout
switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory
4. git merge [branch]
merge the specified branch’s history into the current one
5. git log
show all commits in the current branch’s history
INSPECT & COMPARE
Examining logs, diffs and object information
- git log
show the commit history for the currently active branch
2.git log branchB..branchA
show the commits on branchA that are not on branchB
3.git log — follow [file]
show the commits that changed file, even across renames
4. git diff branchB…branchA
show the diff of what is in branchA that is not in branchB
5. git show [SHA]
show any object in Git in human-readable format
SHARE & UPDATE
Retrieving updates from another repository and updating local repos
- git remote add [alias] [url]
add a git URL as an alias
2. git fetch [alias]
fetch down all the branches from that Git remote
3. git merge [alias]/[branch]
merge a remote branch into your current branch to bring it up to date
4. git push [alias] [branch]
Transmit local branch commits to the remote repository branch
5. git pull
fetch and merge any commits from the tracking remote branch
TRACKING PATH CHANGES
Versioning file removes and path changes
- git rm [file]
delete the file from project and stage the removal for commit
2. git mv [existing-path] [new-path]
change an existing file path and stage the move
3. git log — stat -M
show all commit logs with indication of any paths that moved
REWRITE HISTORY
Rewriting branches, updating commits and clearing history
- git rebase [branch]
apply any commits of current branch ahead of specified one
2. git reset — hard [commit]
clear staging area, rewrite working tree from specified commit
IGNORING PATTERNS
Preventing unintentional staging or commiting of files
- logs/ *.notes pattern*/
Save a file with desired paterns as .gitignore with either direct string matches or wildcard globs.
2. git config — global core.excludesfile [file]
system wide ignore patern for all local repositories
TEMPORARY COMMITS
Temporarily store modified, tracked files in order to change branches
- git stash
Save modified and staged changes
2. git stash list
list stack-order of stashed file changes
3. git stash pop
write working from top of stash stack
4. git stash drop
discard the changes from top of stash stack
